一文从linux源码看socket的close基本概括
理解TCP关闭过程的关键在于四次挥手，这个过程是源码源码怎么学主动关闭、被动关闭和同时关闭的源码统一体现。在主动关闭close(fd)的源码过程中，通过C语言中的源码close(int fd)函数调用系统调用sys_close，进而执行filp_close方法。源码随后，源码fput函数处理多进程中的源码socket引用问题，确保父进程也正确关闭socket。源码在f_op->release的源码实现中，我们关注socket与file的源码关系以及close(fd)调用链。随着状态机的变迁，TCP从FIN_WAIT1变迁至FIN_WAIT2，设置一个TCP_FIN_WAIT2定时器，防止由于对端未回应导致的密集周期副图指标公式源码长时间等待。FIN_WAIT2状态等待对端的FIN，完成最后两次挥手。接收对端FIN后，状态变化至time_wait，原socket资源被回收，并在时间等待超时后从系统中清除。在被动关闭中，接收FIN进入close_wait状态，应用关闭连接时改变状态为last_ack，并发送本端的FIN。被动关闭的后两次挥手后，连接关闭。出现大量close_wait通常与应用检测到对端FIN时未及时关闭有关，解决方法包括调整连接池的参数或加入心跳检测。操作系统通过包活定时器在超时后强制关闭连接。进程退出时会关闭所有文件描述符，再次触发filp_close函数。在Java中，盲盒交友个人免签源码通过重写finalize方法，GC会在释放内存时关闭未被引用的socket，但不可完全依赖GC来管理socket资源，以避免潜在的内存泄露问题。总结，深入理解TCP关闭过程有助于优化网络应用程序的性能和稳定性，同时阅读Linux内核源代码需要耐心和系统性的方法。
linux下socket 网络编程(客户端向服务器端发送文件) 求源代码 大哥大姐帮帮忙 。。谢谢
server:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#define MAXDATASIZE
#define SERVPORT
#define BACKLOG
int SendFileToServ(const char *path, const char *FileName, const char *ip)
{
#define PORT
int sockfd;
int recvbytes;
char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
char send_str[MAXDATASIZE];
char filepath[] = { 0};
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
FILE *fp;
sprintf(filepath, "%s%s", path, FileName);
if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)
{
perror("socket");
return 1;
}
bzero(&serv_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(PORT);
inet_aton(ip, &serv_addr.sin_addr);
int IErrCount = 0;
again:
if(connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1)
{
if (5 == IErrCount)
return 1;
IErrCount++;
perror("connect");
sleep(2);
goto again;
}
//if ((fp = fopen(FileName, "rb")) == NULL)
if ((fp = fopen(filepath, "rb")) == NULL)
{
perror("fopen ");
return 1;
}
recvbytes = write(sockfd, FileName, strlen(FileName));
recvbytes = read(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE);
if (!memcmp(buf, "sendmsg", 7))
{
while(fgets(send_str, MAXDATASIZE, fp))
{
recvbytes = write(sockfd, send_str, strlen(send_str));
recvbytes = read(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE);
if (recvbytes <= 0)
{
fclose(fp);
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
if (memcmp(buf, "goon", 4))
{
fclose(fp);
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
}
recvbytes = write(sockfd, "end", 3);
}
else
{
fclose(fp);
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
memset(buf, 0, MAXDATASIZE);
if (read(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE) <= 0)
{
close(sockfd);
return 2;
}
char *Eptr = "nginx reload error";
//printf("bf[%s]\n", buf);
int ret;
ret = strncmp(buf, Eptr, strlen(Eptr));
//printf("%d\n", ret);
if (!ret)
{
close(sockfd);
return 2;
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
int mysyslog(const char * msg)
{
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen("/tmp/tmp.log", "a+")) == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
fprintf(fp, "[%s]\n", msg);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
static void quit_handler(int signal)
{
kill(0, SIGUSR2);
syslog( LOG_NOTICE, "apuserv quit...");
// do something exit thing ,such as close socket ,close mysql,free list
// .....
//i end
exit(0);
}
static int re_conf = 0;
static void reconf_handler(int signal)
{
re_conf=1;
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"apuserv reload configure file .");
// 请在循环体中判断，如果re_conf == 1，请再次加载配置文件。
}
static int isrunning(void)
{
int fd;
int ret;
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
lock.l_whence = 0;
lock.l_start = 0;
lock.l_len = 0;
const char *lckfile = "/tmp/apuserv.lock";
fd = open(lckfile,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT);
if (fd < 0) {
syslog(LOG_ERR,"can not create lock file: %s\n",lckfile);
return 1;
}
if ((ret = fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&lock)) < 0) {
ret = fcntl(fd,F_GETLK,&lock);
if (lock.l_type != F_UNLCK) {
close(fd);
return lock.l_pid;
}
else {
fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&lock);
}
}
return 0;
}
int MyHandleBuff(const char *buf, char *str, char *FileName, char *pth)
{
sscanf(buf, "%s %s %s", pth, FileName, str);
printf("path=%s\nfilename=%s\nip=%s\n", pth, FileName, str);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sockfd,client_fd;
socklen_t sin_size;
struct sockaddr_in my_addr,remote_addr;
char buff[MAXDATASIZE];
int recvbytes;
#if 1
int pid ;
char ch ;
int ret;
int debug = 0;
signal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGTERM, quit_handler);
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"apuserver start....");
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dhV")) != -1) {
switch (ch) {
case 'd':
debug = 1;
break;
case 'V':
printf("Version:%s\n","1.0.0");
return 0;
case 'h':
printf(" -d use daemon mode\n");
printf(" -V show version\n");
return 0;
default:
printf(" -d use daemon mode\n");
printf(" -V show version\n");
}
}
if (debug && daemon(0,0 ) ) {
return -1;
}
if (isrunning()) {
fprintf(stderr, "apuserv is already running\n");
syslog(LOG_INFO,"apuserv is already running\n");
exit(0);
}
while (1) {
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
return -1;
if (pid == 0)
break;
while ((ret = waitpid(pid, NULL, 0)) != pid) {
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "waitpid want %d, but got %d", pid, ret);
if (ret < 0)
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "waitpid errno:%d", errno);
}
kill(0, SIGUSR2);
sleep(1);
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"restart apuserver");
}
signal(SIGHUP, reconf_handler);
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGUSR1,SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGUSR2, SIG_DFL);
signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
#endif
if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
bzero(&my_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
my_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
my_addr.sin_port=htons(SERVPORT);
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&my_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if(listen(sockfd,BACKLOG)==-1)
{
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
int nret;
while(1)
{
sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if((client_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&remote_addr, &sin_size))==-1)
{
perror("falied accept");
continue;
}
memset(buff, 0, MAXDATASIZE);
recvbytes = read(client_fd, buff, MAXDATASIZE);
char str[] = { 0};
char FileName[] = { 0};
char path[] = { 0};
MyHandleBuff(buff, str, FileName, path);
if (recvbytes > 0)
{
nret = SendFileToServ(path, FileName, str);
printf("nret[%d]\n", nret);
if (1 == nret)
write(client_fd, "send file error", );
else if(2 == nret)
write(client_fd, "reload nginx error", );
else
write(client_fd, "succ", 4);
}
close(client_fd);
}
}
_________________________________________________
client:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#define MAXDATASIZE
#define SERVPORT
#define BACKLOG
int mysyslog(const char * msg)
{
FILE *fp;
if ((fp = fopen("/tmp/tmp.log", "a+")) == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
fprintf(fp, "[%s]\n", msg);
fclose(fp);
return 0;
}
static void quit_handler(int signal)
{
kill(0, SIGUSR2);
syslog( LOG_NOTICE, "apuserv quit...");
// do something exit thing ,such as close socket ,close mysql,free list
// .....
//i end
exit(0);
}
static int re_conf = 0;
static void reconf_handler(int signal)
{
re_conf=1;
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"apuserv reload configure file .");
// ·1nf == 1￡′μ?
static int isrunning(void)
{
int fd;
int ret;
struct flock lock;
lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
lock.l_whence = 0;
lock.l_start = 0;
lock.l_len = 0;
const char *lckfile = "/tmp/dstserver.lock";
fd = open(lckfile,O_WRONLY|O_CREAT);
if (fd < 0) {
syslog(LOG_ERR,"can not create lock file: %s\n",lckfile);
return 1;
}
if ((ret = fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&lock)) < 0) {
ret = fcntl(fd,F_GETLK,&lock);
if (lock.l_type != F_UNLCK) {
close(fd);
return lock.l_pid;
}
else {
fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&lock);
}
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sockfd,client_fd;
socklen_t sin_size;
struct sockaddr_in my_addr,remote_addr;
char buff[MAXDATASIZE];
int recvbytes;
#if 1
int pid ;
char ch ;
int ret;
int debug = 0;
signal(SIGUSR1, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGTERM, quit_handler);
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"dstserver start....");
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dhV")) != -1) {
switch (ch) {
case 'd':
debug = 1;
break;
case 'V':
printf("Version:%s\n","1.0.0");
return 0;
case 'h':
printf(" -d use daemon mode\n");
printf(" -V show version\n");
return 0;
default:
printf(" -d use daemon mode\n");
printf(" -V show version\n");
}
}
if (debug && daemon(0,0 ) ) {
return -1;
}
if (isrunning()) {
fprintf(stderr, "dstserver is already running\n");
syslog(LOG_INFO,"dstserver is already running\n");
exit(0);
}
while (1) {
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0)
return -1;
if (pid == 0)
break;
while ((ret = waitpid(pid, NULL, 0)) != pid) {
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "waitpid want %d, but got %d", pid, ret);
if (ret < 0)
syslog(LOG_NOTICE, "waitpid errno:%d", errno);
}
kill(0, SIGUSR2);
sleep(1);
syslog(LOG_NOTICE,"restart apuserver");
}
signal(SIGHUP, reconf_handler);
signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGUSR1,SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGUSR2, SIG_DFL);
signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
#endif
if((sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))==-1)
{
perror("socket");
exit(1);
}
bzero(&my_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
my_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
my_addr.sin_port=htons(SERVPORT);
my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if(bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&my_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1)
{
perror("bind");
exit(1);
}
if(listen(sockfd,BACKLOG)==-1)
{
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
char filepath[MAXDATASIZE]= { 0};
FILE *fp;
while(1)
{
sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if((client_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&remote_addr, &sin_size))==-1)
{
perror("falied accept");
continue;
}
memset(buff, 0, MAXDATASIZE);
recvbytes = read(client_fd, buff, MAXDATASIZE);
sprintf(filepath, "/etc/nginx/url_rule/%s", buff);
if ((fp = fopen(filepath, "wb")) == NULL)
{
perror("fopen");
close(client_fd);
continue;
}
write(client_fd, "sendmsg", 7);
while(read(client_fd, buff, MAXDATASIZE))
{
if (!memcmp(buff, "end", 3))
{
fclose(fp);
break;
}
else
{
fprintf(fp, "%s", buff);
write(client_fd, "goon", 4);
}
}
//system("nginx -s reload");
char *Sptr = "nginx reload succ";
char *Eptr = "nginx reload error";
int ret;
ret = system("nginx -s reload");
printf("ret[%d]\n", ret);
if (ret != 0)
{
write(client_fd, Eptr, strlen(Eptr));
}
else
{
write(client_fd, Sptr, strlen(Sptr));
}
close(client_fd);
}
}
以前写的：内容忘记了。不是很复杂你可以自己看！
从 Linux源码 看 Socket(TCP)的accept
从 Linux 源码角度探究 Server 端 Socket 的 Accept 过程（基于 Linux 3. 内核），以下是一系列关键步骤的解析。
创建 Server 端 Socket 需依次执行 socket、bind、主力情绪极限分析副图源码listen 和 accept 四个步骤。其中，socket 系统调用创建了一个 SOCK_STREAM 类型的 TCP Socket，其操作函数为 TCP Socket 所对应的 ops。在进行 Accept 时，关键在于理解 Accept 的功能，即创建一个新的 Socket 与对端的 connect Socket 进行连接。
在具体实现中，核心函数 sock->ops->accept 被调用。关注 TCP 实现即 inet_stream_ops->accept，其进一步调用 inet_accept。核心逻辑在于 inet_csk_wait_for_connect，用于管理 Accept 的超时逻辑，避免在超时时惊群现象的发生。
EPOLL 的实现中，"惊群"现象是由水平触发模式下 epoll_wait 重新塞回 ready_list 并唤醒多个等待进程导致的。虽然 epoll_wait 自身在有中断事件触发时不惊群，但水平触发机制仍会造成类似惊群的宁波桶装水溯源码售价效应。解决此问题，通常采用单线程专门处理 accept，如 Reactor 模式。
针对"惊群"问题，Linux 提供了 so_reuseport 参数，允许多个 fd 监听同一端口号，内核中进行负载均衡（Sharding），将 accept 任务分散到不同 Socket 上。这样，可以有效利用多核能力，提升 Socket 分发能力，且线程模型可改为多线程 accept。
在 accept 过程中，accept_queue 是关键成员，用于填充添加待处理的连接。用户线程通过 accept 系统调用从队列中获取对应的 fd。值得注意的是，当用户线程未能及时处理时，内核可能会丢弃三次握手成功的连接，导致某些意外现象。
综上所述，理解 Linux Socket 的 Accept 过程需要深入源码，关注核心函数与机制，以便优化 Server 端性能，并有效解决"惊群"等问题，提升系统处理能力。
linux下socket 网络编程(客户端向服务器端发送文件) 求源代码 大哥大姐帮帮忙 ,。。谢谢
源代码奉上，流程图。。。这个太简单了，你自己看看。。。。。。。
//TCP
//服务器端程序
#include< stdio.h >
#include< stdlib.h >
#include< windows.h >
#include< winsock.h >
#include< string.h >
#pragma comment( lib, "ws2_.lib" )
#define PORT
#define BACKLOG
#define TRUE 1
void main( void )
{
int iServerSock;
int iClientSock;
char *buf = "hello, world!\n";
struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr;
struct sockaddr_in ClientAddr;
int sin_size;
WSADATA WSAData;
if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) )//初始化
{
printf( "initializationing error!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
if( ( iServerSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) ) == INVALID_SOCKET )
{
printf( "创建套接字失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT );//监视的端口号
ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;//本地IP
memset( & ( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) );
if( bind( iServerSock, ( struct sockaddr * )&ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) ) == -1 )
{
printf( "bind调用失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
if( listen( iServerSock, BACKLOG ) == -1 )
{
printf( "listen调用失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
while( TRUE )
{
sin_size = sizeof( struct sockaddr_in );
iClientSock = accept( iServerSock, ( struct sockaddr * )&ClientAddr, &sin_size );
if( iClientSock == -1 )
{
printf( "accept调用失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
printf( "服务器连接到%s\n", inet_ntoa( ClientAddr.sin_addr ) );
if( send( iClientSock, buf, strlen( buf ), 0 ) == -1 )
{
printf( "send调用失败!" );
closesocket( iClientSock );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
}
}
/////客户端程序
#include< stdio.h >
#include< stdlib.h >
#include< windows.h >
#include< winsock.h >
#include< string.h >
#pragma comment( lib, "ws2_.lib" )
#define PORT
#define BACKLOG
#define TRUE 1
#define MAXDATASIZE
void main( void )
{
int iClientSock;
char buf[ MAXDATASIZE ];
struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr;
int numbytes;
// struct hostent *he;
WSADATA WSAData;
// int sin_size;
/* if( ( he = gethostbyname( "liuys" ) ) == NULL )
{
printf( "gethostbyname调用失败!" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
*/
if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) )//初始化
{
printf( "initializationing error!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
if( ( iClientSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ) ) == INVALID_SOCKET )
{
printf( "创建套接字失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT );
// ServerAddr.sin_addr = *( ( struct in_addr * )he->h_addr );
ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr( "..2." );//记得换IP
memset( &( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) );
if( connect( iClientSock, ( struct sockaddr * ) & ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) ) == -1 )
{
printf( "connect失败!" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
numbytes = recv( iClientSock, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0 );
if( numbytes == -1 )
{
printf( "recv失败!" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
buf[ numbytes ] = '\0';
printf( "Received: %s", buf );
closesocket( iClientSock );
WSACleanup( );
}
/////UDP
//服务器
#include< stdio.h >
#include< string.h >
#include< winsock.h >
#include< windows.h >
#pragma comment( lib, "ws2_.lib" )
#define PORT
#define BACKLOG
#define TRUE 1
#define MAXDATASIZE
void main( void )
{
int iServerSock;
// int iClientSock;
int addr_len;
int numbytes;
char buf[ MAXDATASIZE ];
struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr;
struct sockaddr_in ClientAddr;
WSADATA WSAData;
if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) )
{
printf( "initializationing error!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
iServerSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0 );
if( iServerSock == INVALID_SOCKET )
{
printf( "创建套接字失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT );//监视的端口号
ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;//本地IP
memset( & ( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) );
if( bind( iServerSock, ( struct sockaddr * )&ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) ) == -1 )
{
printf( "bind调用失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
addr_len = sizeof( struct sockaddr );
numbytes = recvfrom( iServerSock, buf, MAXDATASIZE, 0, ( struct sockaddr * ) & ClientAddr, &addr_len );
if( numbytes == -1 )
{
printf( "recvfrom调用失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
printf( "got packet from %s\n", inet_ntoa( ClientAddr.sin_addr ) );
printf( "packet is %d bytes long\n", numbytes );
buf[ numbytes ] = '\0';
printf( "packet contains \"%s\"\n", buf );
closesocket( iServerSock );
WSACleanup( );
}
//客户端
#include< stdio.h >
#include< stdlib.h >
#include< windows.h >
#include< winsock.h >
#include< string.h >
#pragma comment( lib, "ws2_.lib" )
#define PORT
#define MAXDATASIZE
void main( void )
{
int iClientSock;
struct sockaddr_in ServerAddr;
int numbytes;
char buf[ MAXDATASIZE ] = { 0 };
WSADATA WSAData;
if( WSAStartup( MAKEWORD( 1, 1 ), &WSAData ) )
{
printf( "initializationing error!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
if( ( iClientSock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0 ) ) == -1 )
{
printf( "创建套接字失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
ServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
ServerAddr.sin_port = htons( PORT );
ServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr( "..2." );//记得换IP
memset( &( ServerAddr.sin_zero ), 0, sizeof( ServerAddr.sin_zero ) );
numbytes = sendto( iClientSock, buf, strlen( buf ), 0, ( struct sockaddr * ) & ServerAddr, sizeof( struct sockaddr ) );
if( numbytes == -1 )
{
printf( "sendto调用失败!\n" );
WSACleanup( );
exit( 0 );
}
printf( "sent %d bytes to %s\n", numbytes, inet_ntoa( ServerAddr.sin_addr ) );
closesocket( iClientSock );
WSACleanup( );
}
从Linux源码看Socket(TCP)的listen及连接队列
了解Linux内核中Socket (TCP)的"listen"及连接队列机制是深入理解网络编程的关键。本文将基于Linux 3.内核版本，从源码角度解析Server端Socket在进行"listen"时的具体实现。
建立Server端Socket需要经历socket、bind、listen、accept四个步骤。本文聚焦于"listen"步骤，深入探讨其内部机理。
通过socket系统调用，我们可以创建一个基于TCP的Socket。这里直接展示了与TCP Socket相关联的操作函数。
接着，我们深入到"listen"系统调用。注意，glibc的INLINE_SYSCALL对返回值进行了封装，仅保留0和-1两种结果，并将错误码的绝对值记录在errno中。其中，backlog参数至关重要，设置不当会引入隐蔽的陷阱。对于Java开发者而言，框架默认backlog值较小（默认），这可能导致微妙的行为差异。
进入内核源码栈，我们发现内核对backlog值进行了调整，限制其不超过内核参数设置的somaxconn值。
核心调用程序为inet_listen。其中，除了fastopen外的逻辑（fastopen将在单独章节深入讨论）最终调用inet_csk_listen_start，将sock链入全局的listen hash表，实现对SYN包的高效处理。
值得注意的是，SO_REUSEPORT特性允许不同Socket监听同一端口，实现内核级的负载均衡。Nginx 1.9.1版本启用此功能后，性能提升3倍。
半连接队列与全连接队列是连接处理中的关键组件。通常提及的sync_queue与accept_queue并非全貌，sync_queue实际上是syn_table，而全连接队列为icsk_accept_queue。在三次握手过程中，这两个队列分别承担着不同角色。
在连接处理中，除了qlen与sk_ack_backlog计数器外，qlen_young计数器用于特定场景下的统计。SYN_ACK的重传定时器在内核中以ms为间隔运行，确保连接建立过程的稳定。
半连接队列的存在是为抵御半连接攻击，避免消耗大量内存资源。通过syn_cookie机制，内核能有效防御此类攻击。
全连接队列的最大长度受到限制，超过somaxconn值的连接会被内核丢弃。若未启用tcp_abort_on_overflow特性，客户端可能在调用时才会察觉到连接被丢弃。启用此特性或增大backlog值是应对这一问题的策略。
backlog参数对半连接队列容量产生影响，导致内核发送cookie校验时出现常见的内存溢出警告。
总结而言，TCP协议在数十年的演进中变得复杂，深入阅读源码成为分析问题的重要途径。本文深入解析了Linux内核中Socket (TCP)的"listen"及连接队列机制，旨在帮助开发者更深入地理解网络编程。
2024-12-29 08:40
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